Greek Scientists By: Ducut, Lansang and Sible

Name	Birth Date	Places mostly lived and worked at	Contributions
Thales of Miletus	c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC	·         He was from Miletus in Asia Minor	·         He was a very known pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. ·         He is one of the Seven Sages of Greece. ·         He is known as first philosopher in the Greek tradition. ·         He was hailed as the Father of Science. ·         He proposed Thales' Theorem. ·         He was the first person known to have studied electricity. ·         He had a cosmological thesis which held that the world started from water. ·         He was also known for his innovative use of geometry. Wikipedia.com
Pythagoras of Samos	569 BC- 475 BC	Born in Samos, Ionia	*first pure mathematician *discovered the Pythagorean theorem *Pythagoras discovered that musical notes could be translated into mathematical equations *formulated “Harmony of the Spheres” -Thus the planets and stars moved according to mathematical equations, which corresponded to musical notes and thus produced a symphony *Pythagoras was also credited with devising the tetractys, the triangular figure of four rows, which add up to the perfect number, ten. *Pythagoras was a believer of metempsychosis. He believed in transmigration, or the reincarnation of the soul again and again into the bodies of humans, animals, or vegetables until it became immortal. Wikipedia.com
Anaxagoras	500 to 428 B.C.	He was born in Clazomenae at the coast of Asia Minor around 500 BC. He spent much of his life in Athens. He fled to Lampsacus in the Troad where he died, an honoured guest, in 428 BC.	Anaxagoras is said to have written only one book. As a follower of the old Milesian school he tried to revive the thoughts of Anaximenses in the post-Parmenidean period. Anaxagoras agreed with Empedocles that all coming into and going out of being is merely the composition and decomposition of existing substances, but he rejected Empedocles' Love and Strife theory, probably because there was no scientific reason that spoke for it. For him, "mind is something infinite and self-controlling, and that is has been mixed with no thing, but is alone itself by itself."  "For the small there is no smallest, but there is always a smaller” He believed the world was created through the rotary motion of a spiral, where initially all mass was united in the center and then, by centrifugal force driven by "mind", things came into being through the separation of mass into an increasing number of bodies and substances. thebigview.com
Zeno of Elea	ca. 490 BC – ca. 430 BC	·         He was from southern Italy. ·         He was a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides.	·         He was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. ·         Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic. ·         He is best known for his paradoxes. ·         His arguments are perhaps the first examples of a method of proof called reductio ad absurdum, literally meaning to reduce to the absurd. ·          "Arguments against motion" is the most famous of his paradoxes which have puzzled, challenged, influenced, inspired, infuriated, and amused philosophers, mathematicians, and physicists for over two millennia. Wikipedia.com
Democritus	460 to 370 BCE	He was a citizen of Abdera, although some reports mention Miletus.	One of the two founders of ancient atomist theory. Democritus' theory of perception depends on the claim that eidôla or images, thin layers of atoms, are constantly sloughed off from the surfaces of macroscopic bodies and carried through the air.  Democritus seems to have developed a view of reproduction according to which all parts of the body contribute to the seed from which the new animal grows, and that both parents contribute seed plato.stanford.edu
Eudoxus of Cnidus	395--337 BC	Cnidus, Asia Minor (now in Turkey), studied in Athens, Greece	*Greek mathematician and astronomer *contributed to the identification of constellations and thus to the development of observational theory *first sophisticated geometrical model of celestial motion *wrote on geography and contributed to philosophical discussions in Plato’s Academy *contributed to the early theory of proportions britannica.com
Heraclides Ponticus	c. 390 BC – c. 310 BC	·         He lived and died at Heraclea Pontica, now known as Karadeniz Ereğli in Turkey.	·         He was a Greek philosopher and astronomer. ·         He proposed that the earth rotates on its axis, from west to east, once every 24 hours. ·         He was frequently hailed as the originator of the heliocentric theory. ·         He proposed that the apparent daily motion of the stars was created by the rotation of the Earth on its axis once a day. ·         He was a versatile and prolific writer on philosophy, mathematics, music, grammar, physics, history and rhetoric. Wikipedia.com
Herophilus	330-260 BCE	Herophilus of Chalcedon was a Greek physician. He practised in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, a centre of ancient learning.	Greek physician who was the world's first careful anatomist. His discoveries, recorded in On Dissections, included the differentiation between sensory and motor nerves and observations of the liver, retina, and ovaries. He subscribed to the humoral pathology, and believed bloodletting had therapeutic value.  He also developed a text on midwifery and an important system of pulseclassification. The latter shaped diagnostic practice in ancient Greece and Rome. He was an early pioneer of the Scientific Method. Together with Erasistratus he is regarded as a founder of the great medical school of Alexandria. sciencemuseum.org
Aristarchus	310 BC – ca. 230 BC	·         He was Born in Samos, Greece	·         He was a Greek astronomer and mathematician. ·         He presented the first known heliocentric model of the solar system. ·         He also calculated the relative sizes of from left the Sun, Earth and Moon in the 3rd century BC. ·         Finally, he proposed an Ancient Greek time period, known as "Great Year" of 4868 solar years, equalling exactly 270 saroi, each of 18 Callippic years plus 10⅔ degrees Wikipedia.com
Archimedes	287 B.C.- 212 B.C	Syracuse, Sicily in the colony of Magna Graecia	*Archimedes used dust, ashes or any other available surface to draw his geometric figures *invention of measuring the volume of an object with an irregular shape.  *Archimedes did not invent the lever, he discovered the reasoning behind why it worked *Archimedes' claw was invented to defend the city of Syracuse. Known as the 'ship-shaker', it is shaped like a crane arm, from which a large metal hook was balanced *’death ray' tactic was used against the roman ships in Syracuse. *Archimedes is known to have invented his own Greek number system, so that he could accommodate more of his invented numbers Ancientgreece.com
Eratosthenes	276 to 196 B.C.E.	Eratosthenes was born at a Greek colony in Cyrene, Libya.	Eratosthenes used geometry to estimate the circumference of the Earth. He is known to be the Father of Geography Eratosthenes also measured the tilt of the Earth axis by 23.5 degrees, which gives us the seasons. Eratosthenes wrote a comprehensive treatise about the world, called Geography. This was the first use of the word, which literally means "writing about the earth" in Greek.  geography.about.com
Hipparchus of Rhodes	190 BC-120 BC	He was born in Nicaea and spent his life in Bithynia, Rhodes in Greece	*important mathematician and astronomer * wrote Commentary on Aratus and Eudoxus *He made an early contribution to trigonometry producing a table of chords, an early example of a trigonometric table *calculated the length of the year to within 6.5 minutes and discovered the precession of the equinoxes Ancientgreece.com